Tumor lysis syndrome – An overview and current perspective

Piyush K Jain, Gangadhar Vajrala

Pdf Page Numbers :- 109-112

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Minister Road, Secunderabad – 500003, AP., India

*Corresponding author: Dr. Piyush K Jain, MBBS, MD., Radiation Oncologist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Minister Road, Secunderabad – 500003, AP., India. Email: drpkjain82@gmail.com

Received 1 February 2014; Revised 12 March 2014; Accepted 20 March 2014

Citation: Piyush K Jain, Gangadhar Vajrala. Tumor lysis syndrome – An overview and current perspective. J Med Sci Res 2014; 2(2):109-112. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/JMSR.2014/2-019  

Copyright: © 2014 Piyush K Jain et al. Published by KIMS Foundation and Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency where in spontaneous or treatment-induced cell death leads to a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that can result in potentially life threatening complications. It is characterized by hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. Etiopathogenesis is related to spontaneous cell death of rapidly growing tumor or more commonly to administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies and less so with solid malignancies. The precise incidence of TLS is not known, and neither racial nor gender predilection exists. Approximately 18% of the patients who develop TLS die of its complications [1]. The cornerstone of the management of TLS includes knowledge of its causes, recognition of high-risk patients, vigilant monitoring and prompt initiation of appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures when indicated.