Review
2020 December
Volume : 8 Issue : S1


Overview of coronavirus - Understanding origin, pathogenesis, clinical features & diagnostic approach to COVID-19 in Indian scenario

Bilolikar AK, Reddy SG, Banerjee J, Fatima R, Poonam AR

Pdf Page Numbers :- 41-52

Anil Kumar Bilolikar1,*, Sukrutha Gopal Reddy1, Jaya Banerjee1, Rafath Fatima1, and Poonam AR1

 

1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Minister Road, Secunderabad-500003, Telangana, India.

 

*Corresponding author: Dr. Anil Kumar Bilolikar, MD, Microbiologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Minister Road, Secunderabad-500003, Telangana, India. Email: dranilbilolikar@yahoo.com

 

Received 12 September 2020; Revised 7 November 2020; Accepted 14 November 2020; Published 23 November 2020

 

Citation: Bilolikar AK, Reddy SG, Banerjee J, Fatima R, Poonam AR. Overview of coronavirus - Understanding origin, pathogenesis, clinical features & diagnostic approach to COVID-19 in Indian scenario. J Med Sci Res. 2020; 8(S1):41-52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/JMSR.2020/8S1-5

 

Copyright: © 2020 Bilolikar AK et al. Published by KIMS Foundation and Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

View Full Text | PDF

Abstract

In early December 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as it is now called, occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Vaccines to prevent human coronavirus infections are not yet available. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads primarily when people are in close contact with small droplets produced by an infected person, identified as “super spreaders”. COVID-19 can be fatal among high-risk groups patients >60 yr. The envelope spike “S” protein receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 use host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter the cells of airway epithelium and alveolar type 2 (AT2) pneumocytes, and pulmonary cells. The most common clinical features are fever (80-90%), cough (60-80%) and breathlessness (18-46%). The other symptoms include myalgia, sore throat, loss of taste and smell, headache, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Infection control practices to be followed stringently by Health Care Workers (HCW). Standard precautions to be maintained. Specimen to be packed in triple container packing. Cold temperature to be maintained during transport and storage. Laboratory tests of COVID-19 are broadly categorized into two methods: (1) Nucleic acid based assay: RT-PCR, TrueNAT, CBNAAT & (2) Immunoassay: Can be broadly divided into 2 types: Antigen based assay: Rapid antigen test, Antibody based assay: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

 

Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; laboratory diagnosis; SARS-CoV-2

Subscription