Carotid artery doppler study in patients of myocardial infarction and its correlation with other atherosclerotic risk factors: A cross-sectional study

Somani K, Gupta P, Pisal T

Pdf Page Numbers :- 44-50

Krishna Somani¹, Preeti Gupta^1,* and Trupti Pisal¹

¹Department of Medicine, Jagjivan Ram Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India

*Corresponding author: Dr. Preeti Gupta, MD Medicine, Senior Divisional Medical Officer, Department of Medicine, Jagjivan Ram Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India. Email: preetigupta401@gmail.com

Received 4 October 2024; Revised 25 November 2024; Accepted 4 December 2024; Published 13 December 2024

Citation: Somani K, Gupta P, Pisal T. Carotid artery doppler study in patients of myocardial infarction and its correlation with other atherosclerotic risk factors: A cross-sectional study. J Med Sci Res. 2025; 13(1):44-50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/JMSR.2024/13-8

Copyright: © 2025 Somani K et al. Published by KIMS Foundation and Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

Background: Carotid Doppler (CD) findings, including stenosis, increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaques, are linked to a higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Atherosclerotic risk factors play a key role in these changes. However, limited research has examined the association of these CD characteristics with risk factors in Indian patients with MI. This study evaluated the association of atherosclerotic risk factors with CD findings and the association between CIMT and coronary angiography (CAG) findings in MI patients.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 24 months from February 2022 to January 2023 in the Cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 50 patients with acute MI were included, and sociodemographic data, atherosclerotic risk factors, and biochemical parameters were recorded. All the patients underwent both CD and CAG.

Results: CD findings had a negative and significant correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r=-0.51, p<0.001). The CD findings had positive, and significant correlations with systolic blood pressure (r=0.34, p=0.017), total cholesterol (r=0.34, p=0.015), waist circumference (r=0.36, p=0.011), serum triglycerides (r=0.37, p=0.009), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (r=0.38, p=0.007). The LDL/HDL ratio (r=0.41, p=0.003) and HbA1c (r=0.72, p<0.001) showed positive, and significant correlations with CD findings. CIMT >1 mm was significantly associated with triglycerides >200 mg/dL, HDL <40 mg/dL, obesity, and HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (p<0.05). Dyslipidemia and diabetes were significantly associated with the plaques (p<0.05). Mean CIMT was significantly associated with CAG findings (p<0.001).

Conclusion: CD findings, particularly CIMT and plaques, are significantly associated with dyslipidemia, diabetes, and CAD severity.

Keywords: carotid intima-media thickness; carotid Doppler ultrasound; coronary artery disease; myocardial infarction; plaques; stenosis