Immunohistochemical evaluation of P53 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Kala K, Sarumathy G, Nithya I, Prathiba A

Pdf Page Numbers :- 281-285

Kala K¹, Sarumathy G^2,*, Nithya I³ and Prathiba A²

¹Department of Pathology, Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600100, India

²Department of Pathology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600123, India

³Department of Pathology, Government Villupuram Medical College, Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu 605601, India

*Corresponding author: Dr. Sarumathy G, MD., Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600123, India. Email: gsarumathy111@gmail.com

Received 12 June 2024; Revised 29 August 2024; Accepted 9 September 2024; Published 16 September 2024

Citation: Kala K, Sarumathy G, Nithya I, Prathiba A. Immunohistochemical evaluation of P53 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Med Sci Res. 2024; 12(4):281-285. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/JMSR.2024/12-53

Copyright: © 2024 Kala K et al. Published by KIMS Foundation and Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, particularly prevalent in regions such as East Asia and parts of Africa. The etiology of ESCC is complex, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Among the molecular alterations associated with ESCC, mutations and dysregulation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have garnered significant attention. The aim was to study the expression of p53 in histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus and to correlate p53 positivity with the grade of the tumor along with other clinicopathological parameters.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus and in this study, for 55 cases of ESCC p53 gene expression was analyzed by Immunohistochemistry and these findings were then compared with clinicopathological parameters.

Results: In this study 35(63.6%) were males and 20(36.4%) were females. The expression of p53 in ESCC patients significantly correlates with age and betel nut chewing. Only 38% of well differentiated tumors showed positive p53 expression when compared to moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumors, which showed 71% and 85% positivity respectively. So there was significant correlation between P53 expression and histological grade of tumor. There were no significant associations between p53 expression and site, lymph node metastasis (N classification) and stage.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the expression of p53 in ESCC patients significantly correlates with age, betel nut chewing and histological grade. p53 play an important role in tumor progression and an independent variable affecting the survival.

Keywords: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; immunohistochemistry; p53; cancer