Trends in co-morbidities during COVID-19 waves: A study of prevalence and dynamics in India

Verma VK, Manchala S, Beevi SS, Mohod AS, Darapuneni RC, Reddy SG, Upendram P

Pdf Page Numbers :- 202-206

Vinod Kumar Verma^1,*, Shravya Manchala¹, Syed Sultan Beevi^1,*, Annie S Mohod¹, Radhika Chowdary Darapuneni², Sukrutha Gopal Reddy² and Pavani Upendram³

¹KIMS Foundation and Research Centre, KIMS Hospital, Minister Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, India

²Diagnostics Division, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Minister Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, India

³Department of Genetics, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Minister Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, India

*Corresponding authors: Dr. Vinod Kumar Verma, PhD., and Syed Sultan Beevi, PhD., KIMS Foundation and Research Centre, KIMS Hospitals, 1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad 500 003, Telangana, India. Tel.: 91 40 44885056; Email: drvinod.v@kfrc.co.in, drsyedsultan.b@kfrc.co.in

Received 19 April 2024; Revised 14 June 2024; Accepted 21 June 2024; Published 29 June 2024

Citation: Verma VK, Manchala S, Beevi SS, Mohod AS, Darapuneni RC, Reddy SG, Upendram P. Trends in co-morbidities during COVID-19 waves: A study of prevalence and dynamics in India. J Med Sci Res. 2024; 12(3):202-206. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/JMSR.2024/12-38

Copyright: © 2024 Verma VK et al. Published by KIMS Foundation and Research Center. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants have instigated the global COVID-19 pandemic, which unfolded in waves over nearly three years since its emergence in 2019. Variances in host immune responses have resulted in a spectrum of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to mild, moderate, severe pneumonia-like, or critical conditions. For many individuals, symptomatic conditions exacerbated and posed life-threatening risks, particularly when co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, malignancies, and HIV were present. This study was aimed to ascertain the co-morbidity trends across the two major waves of COVID-19.

Method: In India, COVID-19 patients from the first wave (April 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021) and the second wave (March 1, 2021 to October 1, 2021) were categorized into asymptomatic, moderate, severe, and critical groups, with 100 patients in each category. These patient groups were further subdivided based on co-morbidities and subjected to data analysis.

Results: Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and lung complications were identified as common co-morbidities significantly impacting the quality of life for COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions: Our data analysis has highlighted the influence of co-morbidities or multi-morbidities in exacerbating severe and critical conditions during both waves 1 and 2 of COVID-19 infections.

Keywords: co-morbidities; COVID-19; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; lung complications